How To Get Inspiration For Your Research Projects

Instructions to Get Inspiration For Your Research Projects Instructions to interface for the motivation in your composing work Composing is an inventive procedure which requires both real computations of time and exertion just as a thought of an enthusiastic side, for example, motivation. It is anything but difficult to make a good guess of the time and exertion required to create your next distribution. In any case, the absence of motivation to expound on the necessary subject may be an issue and can result in the writer’s square. How to associate for the motivation? Spots for motivation These days, there are numerous spots accessible for getting a motivation which essayists may wind up ailing in the innovative procedure. In the scholarly world, the motivation for the exploration can emerge out of going to meetings or workshops, perusing exceptional scholastic distributions, tuning in to great quality radio digital broadcasts, checking papers and sites, taking part in web based life and associating with individuals who are similarly intrigued by the subject that you study. Associating with different scientists It may be extremely useful to interface with the individuals who study a similar subject. Your associates have their own bits of knowledge and they can impart the important data to you. You can join pertinent systems or you can even beginning your own blog or gathering to announce your examination and get into a beneficial conversation with the individuals who have similar interests. Looking for exhortation from those whose exploration you regard is likewise one of the approaches to get your bit of work composed successfully. Advancing your examination by means of computerized media It is imperative to be â€Å"online present†. On the off chance that you might want to advance your examination, it tends to be exceptionally useful to be socially dynamic as far as online movement. You have to take part in the online life so as to spread the significant thoughts of your work to however many individuals as could be expected under the circumstances. These days, it is incautious to think little of the intensity of web based life, so use it without limit. Advanced methods for dealing with the scholarly bits of composing The quantity of computerized helps for the successful composing is especially in plenitude these days. Do you have to spare a fascinating data that you have experienced on the web? You can utilize one of the computerized bookmarking locales, for example, Delicious, Pinterest, Scoop.it or Pinterest. On the off chance that you need an online reference administrator, Zotero, Endnote or Mendeley can be exceptionally useful. The references that you go over can be spared effectively with those examination the board apparatuses. Genuinely action as a wellspring of motivation Being genuinely fit can have a great deal of effect in the innovative procedure. Other than getting a part of positive feelings, going for a run or practicing in the rec center can give you some an ideal opportunity to consider the subject of your exploration. Numerous effective scholars state that they concoct new and interesting thoughts when they are moving. Composing a scholarly paper is a difficult undertaking and each scholastic essayist has his own techniques and schedules which encourage delivering incredible bits of work. Maybe, testing is the key component during the time spent making a perfect work of art. Finding your own way to deal with the exploratory writing procedure can assist you with accomplishing your objective of being a fruitful author.

Scientific Knowledge in Regards to Social and Politics Arena Essay

Logical Knowledge in Regards to Social and Politics Arena - Essay Example Logical information has developed to turn into the foundation of human endurance and a solution for different issues in both the social and political field. Logical information has been utilized as a significant instrument by different governments to command over different nations with less experience on comparative developments, for example, the assembling of atomic weapons. Since each nation on the planet looks for control over another, a great deal has been put into logical information regarding money related help to guarantee the creation these plants and weapons. In western nations, science has changed the political force as a result of its intensity (Gusterson 14).This plainly shows that logical information has added to political activities whereby administrations of created nations command over others. Â Moreover, logical information can be professed to be a wellspring of intensity because of the disclosures it has added to human culture. In both political and social field, logical information has helped a great deal. It has prompted the revelation of answers for relieve or control wellbeing related infections in the social domain. Logical comprehension has been recognized in numerous nations as a wellspring of discovery to human-related issues. Research organizations have been brought up in various zones and researchers stir day and night to concoct arrangements related with human culture. In this way, logical information has changed the manner in which humankind goes on with his/her every day life by thinking of developments or answers to lighten dangers to human life. This can be seen after the Chernobyl catastrophe in Ukraine; logical specialists shape the social and political existence of the people in question and the country. Logical information was joined in thinking of me thods of comprehending and helping the survivors of the atomic plant that detonated in Ukraine.

Random Thoughts, September 2015 edition - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Random Thoughts, September 2015 edition - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Random Thoughts, September 2015 edition Its mid-September, which means we are at the tail end of our Spring 2016 transfer review process, and we are 2 weeks into the 2016 freshman application process. As such, here are a few random thoughts about the issues that have been most pressing over the past few weeks. Spring transfers-The end is in sight! I expect that by the end of this week, all spring transfer decisions will be done (unless there is an unusual circumstance involving your application). Anytime I can say we are down to the last 30 or so files, you know it is close. Freshmen-As of this morning, we had over 2,700 Early Action applications in, with 40 states (plus Washington DC) and 877 high schools represented. Not bad for two weeks in! Remember, your role in the application process is not done once you submit your application. You need to make sure you have sent in your official SAT/ACT scores from the testing agency and have alerted your counselor that you now need an official transcript and a school/counselor evaluation to be submitted. One business day after you apply, you will be able to log into your myStatus site and enter in your counselors email into a text box to alert them to send these items. When entering in your self-reported grades, get a copy of your transcript first! If you are relying on your memory for your grades, stop right now. Get a copy of your transcript so you can see what we will see, and then enter in the completed core area grades from your 9th grade on (no 8th grade grades, even if they are HS classes). We would rather have you take your time and complete your application correctly as opposed to rushing through it to get it in quickly. Once you submit your application, you cannot change from Early Action (EA) to Regular Decision (RD) or the reverse, so choose wisely. If you are unsure about whether to apply EA or RD, ask yourself one question-Are you okay with our office looking at your overall academics on October 16th, or do you need more time/want fall grades to be in/want one more SAT/ACT score? That should drive your decision. If the only ACT you have only sent us is an ACT without Writing, we cant use it. We need at least one ACT Writing score in order to use your ACT scores. We are fine with one or more ACT scores without Writing if you have at least one with Writing. We are fine if you send in just an SAT or just an ACT (with Writing), but we need at least one. If your neighbor/best friend/person you met at Kroger starts sharing the latest rumor about UGA Admissions, leave the store immediately. Avoid them at all costs! Find a few colleges that fit you well, and dont put all your eggs in one big UGA admissions basket. Stop by and say thanks to your high school counselor. They deserve it. Interesting statistic: If you apply within a few days of the deadline, your chances of admission decrease greatly. This is not due to any preference on our end (we treat an application sent in 9/2 the same as 1/15), but instead is an indicator of preparedness/procrastination. In other words, dont wait until the deadline to apply! If you are a procrastinator, change your habits now. Give your mom and dad a hug. Before you know it, you are going to be away at college, and they will really miss you. Remember, senior year counts. We always have a few students where sadly, we have to rescind their offer of admission. Dont let this happen to you! Go Dawgs, and may the odds be in your favor!

How Does Jane Eyre Develop Between Chapters 11 and 27 of...

The novel Jane Eyre is predominantly a bildungsroman, Jane’s development throughout the novel is one of the most important aspects of the narrative. During Jane’s time at Thornfield she makes huge emotional progress through her relationship with Rochester and the discovery of Bertha Mason, eventually resulting in her departure from Thornfield. In chapter 11 when Jane first arrives at Thornfield She is unsure of her surroundings and the description of the thorn trees alludes to fairytales such as Sleeping Beauty and Briar Rose. This conveys Jane’s innocence and shows the reader how childlike Jane is at this stage of the novel in terms of emotional development. The theme of Jane’s limitations is also highlighted, and Jane’s focus on Mrs†¦show more content†¦The emphasis of this is shown by Rochester’s omission of the fact that he is Thornfield’s owner when Jane sees him fall off his horse. In chapter 16 we can see Jane beginning to develop feelings for Mr Rochester: â€Å"glad at least to go downstairs; for that brought me...closer to Mr Rochester’s presence† This marks a stride in her emotional development as in this instance, rather than developing an attachment to a mother figure in the search for a family, Jane is becoming attached romantically which demonstrates that she is thinking in a more adult way and instead of wanting to join a family it seems that she is striving to create one of her own. Jane’s ongoing suspicions regarding Bertha Mason, whose existence she is at this stage unaware of, show her increasing maturity as she is prepared to look deeper into a situation and is clearly no longer as naà ¯ve as she was when she previously believed Mrs Fairfax’s explanation that the laughter was Grace Poole. However, Jane is willing to believe what she is told because of her feelings for Rochester which conveys a certain amount of naivet y still present as, in a fairly childlike manner; she is inclined to believe what she is told by superiors as opposed to forming her own opinions or inquiring further. Jane’s reformed perspective shows that she has developed from previous chapters. Her opinion was that at Thornfield, everything was as it seemed, she has revised her opinions in an adult way andShow MoreRelatedA Dialogue of Self and Soul11424 Words   |  46 PagesTBC02 8/7/2002 04:01 PM Page 46 CHAPTER TWO A Dialogue of Self and Soul: Plain Jane’s Progress a SANDRA M. GILBERT AND SUSAN GUBAR The authors of The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-century Literary Imagination (1979) are both distinguished feminist critics: Sandra Gilbert is a Professor at the University of California, Davis; and Susan D. Gubar a Distinguished Professor of English and Women’s Studies at Indiana University. They have also collaboratedRead MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 PagesStudies ............................................................................................................ 9 Geography ............................................................................................................................. 11 History................................................................................................................................... 12 Psychology (Clinical--research)...........................................................................

Short Story My Sister s Marriage By Cynthia Marshall...

Ever heard the term silver-tongue? The term silver tongue refers to those who are both eloquent, and persuasive speakers, and who can use their speech to get what they desire. Both Dr. Landis in the short story â€Å"My Sister’s Marriage† by Cynthia Marshall Rich and Blake in the short story â€Å"The Five-Forty-Eight† by John Cheever from the collection of short stories â€Å"Points of View† by James Moffett , and Kenneth R. McElheny are silver-tongued men with bad intentions who abuse their positions of power to get what they desire. Both Dr. Landis in â€Å"My Sister’s Marriage† and Blake in â€Å"The Five-Forty-Eight† are similar because they both manipulate women, they both have a hidden agenda, and they both end up learning a lesson by the end of each story because of their deceit. The difference between the two men is that Dr. Landis uses his smooth speech to manipulate his daughters, Olive, and Sarah Ann. Blake uses his smooth speech to manipulate an unstable women whom he had just hired into sleeping with him only before firing her then taking a vacation and he manipulates his wife into thinking he is loyal. Both men end up disturbed by the end of each story because of how each women reacts to being manipulated. Dr. Landis from â€Å"My Sister’s Marriage† and Blake from â€Å"The Five-Forty-Eight† manipulate women in both stories and think it is okay. Dr. Landis manipulates both of his daughters, Olive, and Sarah Ann into thinking he is some omniscient being and that any questions they needShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permissi on(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Wal Marts Competitive Advantage - 1744 Words

Wal-Mart Stores Inc. is American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of discount department stores and a warehouse stores. The company is headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas and was founded by Sam Walton. Wal-Mart is the world’s largest company by revenue, according to Fortune Global 500 list in 2014 and the biggest private employer in the world with over two millions employees. Wal-Mart analytical strategy is to focus on selling products at low prices to get higher volume sales at a lower profit margin. Sam Walt was successful analytically because he was able to find lower-cost suppliers and also shared his data than those used by other stores. Walmart is an organization that uses analytics extensively and systematically to outthink and execute the competition. Walmart has gained competitive advantage by following four pillars of analytical competition. These are; Walmart support strategic distinctive capability. Distinctive capability set Walmart apart from competitors and made them successful in the market place. For example Wal-Mart distinctive capability is supply chain, professional sports is choosing the right players, Netflix is predicting customer movie preferences etc. Without distinctive capability you cannot be analytics competitor because there is no clear process or activity for analytics support. Secondly, Walmart has adopted enterprise level approach to management, this ensures that the data and analysis are made available broadlyShow MoreRelatedWal-Marts Sustainable Competitive Advantage Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Competitive advantage can be defined as a means by which a firm manages to keep making money, add value by providing distinct products and sustain its position against its competitors. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. is one of such companies in the retail sector that has achieved sustainable competitive advantage over a period of time.  ¬This report focuses on how Wal-Mart has achieved competitive advantage by adopting cost leadership strategy and providing consumer goods at lower prices. The reportRead MoreAnalysis of Wal-Mart’s Competitive Advantages in International Expansion and Problems7313 Words   |  30 PagesAnalysis of Wal-Mart’s Competitive Advantages in International Expansion and Problems 1. Introduction 1. General information of Wal-Mart The first opening of Wal-Mart Stores was founded by American retail legend Sam Walton in Rogers, Arkansas in 1962. On Oct. 31st, 1969, the stores were incorporated as world famous Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Almost forty-four years later, Wal-Mart served more than 176 million customers per week, and became No. 1 retailer in the United States. And, it is now theRead MoreWal-Mart’s Strategy for Long-term Competitive Advantage Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesWal-Mart’s Strategy for Long-term Competitive Advantage Today, firms are experiencing great success because of the impact that logistic managers all over the world have in the global market. There are components in business that makes logistic management a success at Walmart; its success can be attributed to its business strategy and supply chain management strategy. Walmart at a Glance The history of Walmart can be traced back to a man named Sam Walton who opened his first Walmart store in RogersRead MoreWal-Marts Competetive Advantage824 Words   |  4 PagesWal-Mart’s competitive advantage is driven by its low-cost, high volume strategy which aims to increase profits and customer satisfaction. Sustainable competitive advantage indicates a company’s future success and is determined by different factors. These factors include organizational capabilities such as tangible resources, intangible resources and human resources. One main component of sustained competitive advantage is having superior returns sustained over a long period of time. Wal-MartRead MoreWal-Mart Case Study1723 Words   |  7 Pageswhat extent is Wal-Mart’s performance attributable to industry attractiveness and to what extent to competitive advantage? Wal-Mart is a company which operates in the service sector, more specifically in the â€Å"Discount, Variety Stores/Retail† industry. The company’s superior performance is demonstrated through the fact that it was America’s largest company (in terms of revenue) in 2002, and the reputation of the company is reflected in the opinion of â€Å"Fortune† who have identified Wal-Mart as one ofRead MoreSwot Analysis : Resource Based View Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pagessustained competitive advantage encompasses a firm’s wide range of resources such as organizational, social, and individual phenomena that are valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable and non-substitutable (VRIN). Therefore, it is crucial and vital for the relevant resources to possess all four of the VRIN attributes in order to be the firm’s sustained competitive advantage (Barney, 1991). Additionally, he also added that competitive advantage relies heavily on the chance of a competitorâ €™s competitive duplicationRead MoreMarketing Strategy of Wal-Mart1475 Words   |  6 PagesThis is a case analysis of Wal-Mart, the largest retailer in Mexico and North America. Wal-Mart controls a large portion of the markets in which its products are sold, enabling Wal-Mart to maintain its core value of delivering low prices through eliminating the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, developing innovative technology to maintain competitive advantage, and thus creating incredibly high barriers for new entrants. Wal-Mart’s core value - delivering low prices - has proved successfulRead MoreWal Mart And The Largest Retail Stores Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pagesdecades, Wal-Mart has grown to become one of the largest retail stores in the world. They operate internationally and keep growing each passing year. They have developed some unique strategies that they have used allowing the company to grow into a multinational company. Various case studies and researches have sought to explain the success of this company over the years. Ken Mark from The University of Western Ontario conducted a case study on Wal-Mart and came up with some sound conclusions. Wal-Mart’sRead MoreCase Study of Walmart1394 Words   |  6 PagesCASE STUDY Professor: Dr. Mary Flannery Teaching Assistant: Jia-Yuh Chen ECON 136 – Business Strategy February 27, 2006 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS The retail industry is dominated by few retail giants, with Wal-Mart competing in several retail categories. Wal-Mart competes against Kmart and Target in the general merchandise retailing; against Costco in the warehouse club segment; and against Kroger, Albertson’s and Safeway in the supermarket retailing. Competition among retailers centers on pricingRead MoreCompetitive Advantage Vs. Competitive Strategy1514 Words   |  7 PagesC. Competitive Advantage Related Theory Competitive strategy is the moves and methods that the firm has taken and is taking to appeal buyers, improve its market position, and to endure competitive pressures. The strategy is about what a firm’s capability to try to knock off competitors and attain competitive advantage, which can be offensive or defensive. There are three approaches to competitive strategy, which are low-cost leadership strategy where struggling to be the overall low-cost manufacturer

Marginal and absorption costing comparison Essay Example For Students

Marginal and absorption costing comparison Essay In today s complex and altering concern contexts, direction requires daily and accurate information about the concern and costs incurred for taking the right determinations to avoid all possible wastages and losingss and to increase the efficiency of the concern. The direction will be able to do proper assessment of the productiveness and public presentation of the employees merely if it uses effectual bing methods. Rigorous attachment to a peculiar costing method has been considered to be extremely important because bing methods that a concern adopts can play critical functions in the growing of advanced fabrication engineerings and concern doctrines. Marginal costing and soaking up costing are the basic two methods of bing that are used for managerial determination devising. This research paper outlines comparing and contrasting of fringy costing with soaking up bing to be presented to the director of Ball Dolbear Ltd that I late joined as an comptroller. This paper describes the significance and basic rules of both fringy costing and soaking up costing. The managerial constructs and significance of both these methods are detailed in this paper. Outline1 Fringy Costing: Basic rules2 Absorption Costing3 Fringy Costing and Absorption Costing: Comparison4 Major differences between soaking up costing and Marginal Costing5 Absorption costing and Marginal Costing Contrasted6 Decision Fringy Costing: Basic rules Both soaking up costing and fringy or variable costing are types of merchandise bing systems. Absorption or full costing includes direct stuffs, direct labour and both variable and fixed fabricating operating expense in the merchandise costs whereas variable costing does nt include fabrication fixed costs along with direct stuff and direct labour ( Weygandt, Keiso and Kimmel, 2005, p. 265 ) , . Fringy costing is the basic tool that helps direction in taking most appropriate determinations and understands accurate cost constructions. Fringy costing or variable bing considers direct stuffs, direct labour and variable fabrication operating expense costs as merchandise costs. Under fringy costing, variable costs are attributed to be units for a fixed period and fixed costs are written off in full against the entire part. ( Lucey and Lucey, 2002, p. 296 ) . Nigam, Nigam and Jain ( 2004 ) defined fringy costing as the costing technique that charges merely the variable costs to the cost units ( p. 398 ) . Harmonizing to CIMA nomenclature of fringy costing, it is a rule whereby variable costs are charged to the cost units and fixed costs attributable to the relevant period is written off in full against the part of that period ( Bhattacharyya, 2005, p. 68 ) . Cost of a unit consists merely of out of pocket costs that are direct, variable or evitable costs. These costs that are incurred if specific merchandises are manufactured and sold. Fringy bing considers cost behaviour. Costss are variable or fixed, but, fringy costing takes in to account merely variable costing ( Bendrey, Hussey and West, 2003, p. 127 ) Fringy cost is variable costs attributed to the production costs because it varies harmonizing to the alterations in the production every bit good as concluding end product. When one excess unit of the merchandise is manufactured, the excess cost incurred for the fabrication of that excess unit will ever be variable because the fixed costs are changeless. Fringy costing is an priceless direction accounting technique that is used to supply managerial information about net income and volume relationship and costs incurred in the concern. Marginal bing therefore facilitates effectual managerial determination devising, rating, cost control and monitoring and net income planning etc ( Glautier and Underdown, 2001, p. 441 ) . Absorption Costing Absorption costing is a bing methods in which all fabrication costs including both variable and fixed costs are attributed to the production costs. Absorption bing or full costing is a technique which absorbs or recovers both fixed and variable costs. The cost of a unit is taken as variable cost per unit plus an allocated portion of the fixed operating expenses ( Jawahar-Lal, 2008, p. 627, Nigam, Nigam and Jain, 2004, p. 398 ) . Community Buliding EssayCost Elementss of Product Cost The merchandising and administrative disbursals, allow it be fixed or variable nature, are considered as period costs and these are non considered as merchandise costs in both soaking up and fringy costing methods. But, fixed mill operating expense is treated wholly different in both soaking up and fringy costing methods. Fixed operating expenses are brought in to all computations on the premise that they are to be recovered. But in fringy costing, fixed operating expenses are considered irrelevant for short tally determinations ( Jawahar-Lal, 2008, p. 628, Nigam, Nigam and Jain, 2004, p. 399 ) . Jobs and Merchandises Fringy costing are seen more realistic than the method of soaking up costing. It is because fringy costing considers merely those costs that are easy attributable and identifiable to the occupation or a merchandise ( Chadwick, 1993, p. 77 ) . Fringy costing is more suited, dependable and accurate with internal fiscal coverage, where as soaking up costing is most appropriate for external fiscal coverage and analysis. Net-income Fixed operating expenses are treated otherwise in fringy costing and soaking up costing and therefore it is obvious that the net income consequence in both of these costing tools will needfully ; y be different as good. Appropriateness for Decision Making Absorption bing can non be used for managerial determination devising because the costs that it takes in to account are imprecise in nature. Normally, fringy costing is widely recommended for managerial determination devising as the costs that it considers are traceable to a peculiar merchandise and hence it is utile for managerial determination devising. Absorption costing and Marginal Costing Contrasted The undermentioned illustration can exemplify how net income computation and stock rating differ while utilizing soaking up costing and fringy costing methods. Following are the information available from a company Fixed fabrication costs = $ 40, 000 per annum Variable operating expenses = $ 2 per unit Direct stuffs and direct labour costs= $ 3 per unit Gross saless are changeless at 1000 units per annum at $ 12 each Production in the first twelvemonth = 1200 uniots, in Second year= 1500 units, in the 3rd year= 1900 units The consequences under the two methods are as follows: Gross net income differences calculated under soaking up costing and fringy costing methods: Graphic representation Decision This research paper has highlighted the basic differences between fringy costing and soaking up costing. Absorption and fringy costing are fundamentally different in footings of handling the operating expenses, stock list rating, rightness for decision-making, net income and methods of computation. This paper has outlined how both these bing methods can act upon net income consequences and therefore delivers different net income figures when production or gross revenues fluctuate or gross revenues exceeds production figures.

Cowlings Rule Formula Analysis Essay Example

Cowlings Rule Formula Analysis Paper The story of the history of the cubic equation illustrates a change in mathematics that came with the Renaissance: the understanding that mathematicians must publish their work to succeed; that instead of keeping mathematical knowledge as secrets within families, to be used as weapons in debates, or in mathematics contests, they must be available to the public. The solution of the cubic equation came at a time when both these conflicting views on mathematics were both in common practice; furthermore, the story involved controversy between mathematicians from both sides of the argument, which seem to reflect perfectly the changing ideas of how mathematics should be practiced. This is exemplified by the controversy between the two names most commonly associated with the cubic formula, or the solution to the cubic equation: Gerolamo Cardano (1501-1576), the prestigious physician, astrologer and mathematician who first published the result, and Niccolo Fontana, known as Tartaglia (1506-1557), a self-educated mathematician who secretly derived the formula to use to his advantage in a mathematics contest, and was outraged when Cardano published it without permission. Cardanos actions were representative of the new attitudes of Renaissance mathematicians-for instance, that publishing should be synonymous with prestige- while Tartaglia represents the underdeveloped philosophy of the middle ages, that mathematics should be kept secret from the public so that mathematicians may gain personal prestige. We will write a custom essay sample on Cowlings Rule Formula Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cowlings Rule Formula Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cowlings Rule Formula Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Cardano acted appropriately as a Renaissance man, and made the decision that was aimed toward the greater good of mathematics. Cardano heard about Tartaglia and his solution to the cubic equation, and wrote a letter asking Tartaglia to share his solution so that he might publish in his next book on algebra, Ars Magna. Tartaglia responded denying Cardanos request and proposed that his result would only see the light of day when he chose to publish a work of his own. However, Cardano eventually managed to persuade Tartaglia to share his secret, on the condition that he took an oath never to divulge it to anybody. Six years later, Cardano published Ars Magna, which included Tartaglias formula. From one point of view, one could conclude that Cardano was merely acting on the new philosophies of the Renaissance, and that, in complaining about the publishing of his formula, Tartaglia was merely clinging to the medieval views about mathematics, which were much less efficient in producing mathematics, and even more unfair in assigning credit where it was due. Some of the trends of keeping mathematical advancements out of the public eye were still occurring during the Italian Renaissance. Until the printing press became popular in the mid-sixteenth century, it was common practice to keep mathematical knowledge a secret within a mathematicians family, and, at the most, to share it with ones apprentices. The primary reason is that mathematical contests, such as the contest between Tartaglia and Fiore, were still common practice among mathematical scholars. Mathematical knowledge could be a powerful weapon until it was exposed to the public. 2) Complex Numbers Four and a half centuries have elapsed since the discovery of complex, or imaginary numbers, a discovery which ultimately has had a profound impact on the whole of mathematics, unifying much that had previously seemed disparate and explaining much that had previously been inexplicable. Far from being embraced, complex numbers were initially greeted with suspicion, confusion and even hostility. Cardanos Ars Magna (1545) is traditionally taken to be the birth certificate of complex numbers. It may seem a little strange therefore that he introduced them only to dismiss them with the comment they are as subtle as they are useless. Building on the work of del Ferro and Tartaglia, Cardanos Ars Magna showed cubic equations could be solved by the remarkable formula. When considering the problem Cardano encountered a solution which required the square root of -121, i.e. a negative number. Such a solution was called a casus irreducibilis. Cardano was aware that negative numbers did not possess square roots but he also knew that x=4 was a solution to the above equation. He was not able to make sense of this paradox; he had, as it were, blundered into the minefield of complex numbers. (Hollingdale) Clearly the challenge presented by the existence of complex numbers could not be ignored much longer. Bombelli was the first mathematician bold enough to accept the existence of imaginary numbers, and hence to throw some light on the puzzle of irreducible cubic equations. While complex numbers themselves remained mysterious, Bombellis work on cubic equations established that real problems required complex arithmetic for their solution. In proving the reality of the roots of the cubic , Bombelli demonstrated the extraordinary fact that real numbers could be engendered by imaginary numbers.(Burton) It was because of the study and development of the cubic equation that imaginary numbers lost some of their mystical character. However, just as with the birth, the subsequent development of the theory was inextricably bound with the progress in other areas of mathematics. 3) The Battle of the Scholars Public Contests  At the turn of the sixteenth century in Italy, a teacher of mathematics lived in a highly competitive world. At this time, students paid their professors directly for each course they took. Thus, if they became dissatisfied with the level or quality of instruction, payment could be summarily suspended, and the instructor could be forced to leave the school and even the town. To uphold their reputations and to insure their livelihoods, professors engaged in public contests, which were commonplace among mathematical scholars. The contests had a huge influence on scholars, first because the prize was often a considerable sum of money, and second because positions at universities were not tenured, and maintaining professorships depended heavily on ones performance in contests. These contests were generally initiated by an underdog who proposed a series of problems to an established figure. The better-known mathematician then prepared a comparable set of examples for the challenger. After a predetermined length of time, the participants came together in public to present their solutions, the one with the greater number of correct answers taking the contest. In such an atmosphere, the guardian of a new solution or technique gained a distinct advantage over potential opponents and enjoyed job security by virtue of his secret. Given the system, it was simply not in ones best interests to publicize major discoveries. Tartaglia was a strong proponent of this attitude towards secrecy. In addition to his contest with Fiore, Tartaglia participated in a large number of public contests, in which he was quite successful. In fact, he made a large part of his living from the prize money he received from public disputes and contests.  Indeed, the study of the cubic equation certainly helped to revive the zest and vigour which early day mathematicians experienced. Let it be said that Italy has spawned some of the worlds greatest artists, for in the renaissance, Italy saw the development of some of histories most magical artists determined pure mathematicians.

About Forest Fires

About Forest Fires Free Online Research Papers Forest fires can be caused by nature or by humans. But either way they can both threaten the lives of innocent people and animals. Not all fires are bad though some are set on fire on purpose. A few ways forest fires can be prevented is by having strict laws to do with fire. Such as camp fires, smoking or anything hazardous to becoming a fire. A great example where fire laws are strict is at Yellow Stone National park founded in 1872. There are hundreds of fires in yellow stone park a year. Even thought there are hundreds of fires there they continue to do controlled burns to remove non-native plants. Forest fires have negative affects to the home of humans and animals. They can destroy all the under brush and tress where animals live. They wipe out hundreds of homes and buildings. Some fires even kill innocent people who get trapped in the middle of the fires path. Although there are many negative facts about fire there are many positive affects to. For example if a are is crowded with tress or many old and dead trees it can clean things up by burning them leaving room for new trees. If an area is being over taken by a foreign plant then it will eliminate that plant and let the old one come back to life. Fires may also destroy bad tree diseases such as bark beetle. All in all I think forest fires are a huge part of are environment. As long as forest fires are controlled we can learn to live with them and to use them to our advantage. Maybe some day scientist of the future will use our research to find a stop the bad fires that can destroy thousands of acres. In conclusion forest fires can be very helpful but very deadly. Research Papers on About Forest FiresWhere Wild and West MeetGenetic EngineeringTwilight of the UAWHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Spring and AutumnCapital Punishment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

Critical theory, philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Critical theory, philosophy - Essay Example that part of a person’s imagination which is justified through the knowledge he or she garners via various life experiences like reading, interaction as well as seeing and hearing. This understanding is a part of one’s overall perspective and subsequent take on life. Therefore, this book is an important one as human understanding is deeply connected with the written word and the way it has been written. If those words, whether in a philosophical text or otherwise, manage to justify an individual’s personal truth, or appeal to his or her sense of balance in life, then it contributes to his or her understanding. In this way, the choice of Locke’s text is an important one for this paper. Locke’s text starts with a study of innate notions. This portion of the book is a study of the elements that lead to speculation and a subsequent formation of perspective. Throughout this part, Locke has managed to hook the reader on to the idea that speculation is an element that must be used in very discreet doses as more of it can damage the practical side of things in one’s mind. (Locke, 2007) As a philosophical notion, this is an ideal that is true to writing. In writing, it is imperative to stick to a certain balance between factual information and a small amount of speculation. This holds on to people’s imagination and memories. Therefore, in this part of the book, Locke has merely described a style of writing. Further into the book, one will find ideals that are connected with principles in the mind. The mind is an organ that churns out thoughts and expressions of the same. These expressions are a part of the basic mental setup of the person concerned. While every individual does not need to be a writer, it has been said often that there is a book in everybody. This is largely an overthrow of the fact that literary skills have been highly respected in many people. It is a desirable quality. This quality, in turn, springs from an ability to form a successful

Research Proposal (general research proposal for doctoral thesis to Essay

Research Proposal (general research proposal for doctoral thesis to the graduate department) - Essay Example My research during the first year of my master's program at the University of Victoria covered multiple topics within non-photorealistic rendering (NPR), graphics, and animation. During the course of my research, I completed a class on perception and graphics that resulted in a project that will be submitted this month for the _(name of journal)____, a reputable __enter subject__ journal . The project involved the study of human vision and perception and prompted me to expand my topic of NPR with perception into the formation of my master's thesis. My master's thesis titled, "Perceptual Imitation of Human Drawn lines" involved study within the areas of Newtonian Physics, Image Processing, and Artificial Intelligence. From my research and findings with this thesis, I intend to publish two papers in NPAR'08 and CAE'08. Therefore, for my doctoral study I wanted to get more in depth in my research in these particular topics. First, I would like to expand on the subject of lines to full animated cartoon character images. Image processing is naturally an essential field of study in NPR and will play a major role in my thesis. Also, image processing will lead to more critical study of perception. The study of perception falls into the area of psychology. Surprisingly, psychological research on NPR is limited. It was briefly discussed in my master's thesis.

A Study On Agricultural Biotechnology Education Essay

A Study On Agricultural Biotechnology Education Essay For the past 10,000 years humans associated with domesticate plants, selecting seeds of favoured forms, pick out unwanted types to produce each following generation. Plants constitute the main food resource for humans and animals. So it is necessary to improve crop quality and yield to feed the hunger world. Today this came to a big problem due to environmental damages and population explosion [1]. There has been a drastic increase in population ever since and it is around 6.5 billion in the starting of 2010. Each year millions of people are dying due to starvation and nutritional deficiencies. So many Asian and African countries are not getting the benefits of the green revolution and gene revolution. The polluted agricultural lands and the consequences of global warming affected the agricultural production. The yield lost in each year due to pests, insects and diseases is around 30% of the total production [2, 3]. So biotechnology promises to reduce the world hunger by creating new array of transgenic plants which are resistant to pests and diseases and provide more nutrition [3]. The food and agricultural organization (FAO) recognized that the genetic engineering has the ability to increase the agricultural production. Biotechnology offers a wide range of environmental benefits such as reduce pollution, development of perfect crops which has higher nutrition, reduced or nil pesticides, resistance to insects, more yield etc.[4]. The transformation of agriculture started during the end of first half of twentieth century and it referred as Green revolution. The green revolution started in 1945 during this time Mexico imported wheat. After this Mexican government started working on the agricultural techniques. In 1964 they exported half million tons of wheat, the modern biotechnological techniques made Mexicans foot stable and this is also happened in so many other countries [5]. The green revolution decreased the world poverty in some extent. Now undeveloped countries need more applications of biotechnology, countries like India and China are still researching on new technologies but in the developed European countries are avoiding these techniques and considering as unnatural [3]. During the twentieth century conversional method produced and producing so many hybrids, which can provide more yield, stability of harvesting and farm income. But these conversional techniques dont preserve the gene pool. In the last 20 years biotechnology developed more and discovered new techniques for the stability and production. In animal biotechnology bovine somatatropin (BST) used to increase the milk production. In plant biotechnology so many new techniques arrived [5]. Conversional agricultural techniques are associated with modern genetic engineering. The plant tissue culture is the one of the major contribution of biotechnology in plant breeding. Via tissue culture we will able to produce many copies from a single plant part within a short time. The meristem culture will able to produce virus free plants. The plant tissue culture method helped for the conservation of so many medicinal plants. Another application of tissue culture is the selection of somoclonal variants with improved virus resistance [6]. The new molecular DNA technologies modify plants in different ways. Molecular level studies helped to produce agriculturally important virus resistant and virus free plants [7]. The cloning methods also gave a new phase to biotechnology. The new technologies in cloning help to prevent plant disease by deactivating the gene action. The findings suggest that the genetically modified micro organisms have the capacity to prevent the disease caused by the pathogens [7]. The genetic engineering methods are also employed in various animal species. Now it is possible to create animals with useful dairy product, meet, or fibre production. Most of the animal based experiments are primarily introduced in mouse and drosophila. Now these have been extended to the domestic farm animals. Genetic engineering is mainly used for the manipulation of fertilised egg and utters and manipulation of sperm and embryonic tissue. This facilitates the introduction of novel genes to the animals and provides more yield. Transgenic poultries, pig, sheep and cow are the examples for transgenic animals [8, 9]. The ability to alter the genome of animals by gene transfer is the major achievement of biotechnology. The animals having altered are known as transgenic animals. The transgenic animals are created by the introduction of small piece of known DNA in to the embryos. This will help the rapid introduction of new genes in to the livestock without any cross breeding [8] Transgenic methodology has so many potential advantages. The practical applications in livestocks are improved milk production and composition, increased growth rate. It is important that the production capability of transgenic animals realised only when their true genital potential is attained. The molecular study of Agrobacterium tumefaciens helped to produce transgenic plants. Using this technique many important genes were transferred to plants and it helped to get the high yield [10]. The different tools of genetic engineering made the gene transfer uncomplicated and plant manipulation easier. Gene banks and DNA libraries helped for the conservation and selection of variety of genes which facilitate special characters. Different microbes were used as vectors for the gene transfer [11]. In advanced industrial countries conventional agriculture system is following for the production. This allows the wide knowledge about the production techniques to grow crops, livestock and poultry. This method also helps to reduce the production cost and provide more yield to farmers [12]. There are some environmental problems associated with conventional agriculture method, but now they are trying to solve by using genetic engineering by the development of new methods for the diffusion of disease, insect resistant plants, drought resistant plants etc. And also biotechnology is working on to produce bio pesticides [12]. The environmental problems created by the chemical substance such as pesticides, herbicides, hormones and insecticides which used in the modern farming leads to the new thoughts in the production of bio pesticides and genetically modified plants. But their productions are restricted and under control. According to US food, agriculture and trade act in 1990 it should; (a) satisfy food and fibre needs of humans, (b) enhance the quality of the environment and natural resources depends on the agriculture economy, (c) efficient use of non renewable resource and on farm resource, (d) sustain the economic viability of farm operations and (e) enhance the quality of life for the farmers and the society as a whole [13]. The modern agricultural biotechnology focusing on genetically modified crops. So many researches are currently undergoing based on this. The genetically modified foods are the products of transgenic plants. These plants contains one or more genes from the another organism which is transferred by genetic engineering technologies [14]. According to Huttner et al biotechnology is being used in almost food production system, and it offers more opportunities in agriculture than medicine [4]. Apart from the food production biotechnology has been used to for the plant breeding and disease resistant. Most advanced commercially available plasticised are biotech products. The problem of pesticides is the introduction of super weeds and it will be difficult to control [2]. Genetically modified organisms are also used to control the pest and insects. Introduction of Bt-genes is the one of them and 17% of the total globally planted crops are Bt crops and its amount is very high in US. It is found that about 80% of the biotechnology researches are focused on non food based agricultural products such as cotton, tobacco, ornamental plants and medicinal plants [4]. It is found that use of biotech plants can reduce the plowing for control the weeds and this will lead to reduced use of diesel and decrease the pollution. This is also better for conservation of soil and water; reduce soil erosion and soil composition. The survey shows that the use of biotech crops saved around 441 million gallon of fuel which may result in the elimination of 10 billion pound carbon dioxide and this elimination is equal to removal of four million cars from the road. Thus the biotech crops has significant role in reducing the environmental pollution associated with agriculture production [2]. The genetically modified crops such as corn, soybean, and cotton are used for feeding livestock. The GM crops were introduced 15 years ago. GM crops indicate the genetic modification of plants to make it resistant to biotic stresses provide more yield. The main biotic stresses are pest and pathogens. Each year these factors reduce around 30% of the yield and in developing countries this may be higher due to climatic conditions. Weeds in the field compete with the crops for their nutrition and it will affect the yield. For this reason new GM crops were introduced to resist them. To avoid the insect attack and reduce the chemical insecticides GM technology introduced insect resistant plant. It is also help to reduce the environmental pollution [15]. In 2007- 90% of the agriculture area planted GM crops in six countries of north and south America and it is around 80% is in US, Brazil and Argentina. But in India and china they planted less than 3% only. But in the 27 countries of European Union they planted only 0.21% GM crops [16]. Present agricultural biotechnology status in Asia is amazing. Several Asian countries are currently following the uses of biotechnology in agriculture. The Chinese government gives high priority to biotechnology for improving food production and its quality in environmentally sustainable method. They are adopting the new genetic engineering methods for the crop production. Chinese introduced and planted new verities of wheat, rice, tomato, pepper, potato, papaya and tobacco and these crops are resistant to pest, herbicides and diseases. They approved around 50 verities of GM plants in last years. India government is supporting the development of infrastructures in biotechnology. In 1980 they formed Department of biotechnology to promote the advantages of biotechnology in agriculture and medicine. The RD of India developing a new generation of citrus, coffee, mangrove, and vanilla. The organisations in India such as M S Swaminathan research foundation have developed bio-village for th e growth of new incoming technologies in agriculture [17] The Indonesian government has developed three National biotechnology centers to coordinate R D in agriculture and medicine. In 1985 Pakistan started crop improvement using modern biotechnology. Now they are mainly concentrated on the improvement of rice and cotton. Philippines started the use of modern biotechnology by the creation of national institute of molecular biology and biotechnology. There also an increased use of modern biotechnology started in Thailand, Bangladesh, Singapore, Sri lanka and Vietnam. There are so many international agricultural research centres for the development of the new crops. International agricultural research canter (IARCs), international rice research institute (IRRI) are some of them [17]. Every technology can bring benefits and risks. This is also happened in the case of biotechnology. The risk of agricultural biotechnology got more publicity even biotechnology is also been used as a part of medicine and industry. The introduction of GMO has created a lot of controversy even it is not used for the production wide range of products. Then also the GMO technology is using widely. The argument is mainly focused on the herbicide and insecticide resistant plants which are more beneficial for farmers, seed producers and chemical companies. The insecticide resistant plants guaranteed 100% success, but in case the partial dosage in some insects may results in the formation of new mutants which will able to resist particular dosage. The pollination between the GM crops and wild crops may lead to the arrival of new genera, and wild verities may disappear from the environment. The introduction of antibiotic marker gene may result in the gene transfer. It is also noted that in the meat industry the routine feeding of animals lead to the high levels of antibiotics on them. It is observed that currently the biotechnology applications does not cause any harm to environment. But on the other hand it is worried about the GMO. The increased use of GMO may lead to higher amount of pesticide residues, genetic pollution, damage to beneficial insects, creation of super weeds and super pests, mutant viruses and bacteria [17, 12, 18, 4]. The 21st century being known as the century of biology and biology based industries promises to be powerful tools for the economy. It will become more powerful in industrialised countries and might be challenged by developing countries. Advanced biotechnology will revolutionise the agriculture and food industry. It is expecting that the consequences of genomics in the bio industry will be under control and biotechnology can reduce the world hunger in future. REFERENCES [1] Dominique Job, plant biotechnology in agriculture, Laboratoire mixte CNRS/INRA/Bayer CropScience (UMR 1932), Bayer CropScience, 14-20, rue Pierre-Baizet, 69269, Lyon cedex 9, France [2] www.bio.org, agricultural biotechnology- delivering benefits to farmers consumers and the environment. [3] www.cei.org, agricultural biotechnology [4] Jeremy Hall, Sarah Crowther, Biotechnology: the ultimate cleaner production technology, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RF, UK [5] Norman E. Borlaug, the green revolution revisited and the road ahead Nobel peace prize lecture [6] Low cost opening for tissue culture technology in developing countries. Proceedings of a Technical Meeting organized by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture [7] Graham S. Warren, Pious Thomas, Maria-Teresa Herrera, S.J. Lindsey Hilland Robert F. Terry .The use of plant cell cultures for studying virus resistance, and enhancing the production of virus-resistant and virus-free plants, 26-30 ,August 1991 [8] http://www.bio.org/foodag/animals/biotechanimalagoverview_ip.pdf [9] http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10418page=34 [10] K.P pauls, plant biotechnology for crop improvement Department of Crop Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2JV1 [11] http://www.scitopics.com/Advances_in_plant_genetic_engineering.html [12] Thomas A. Lyson, Advanced agriculture technologies and sustainable agriculture, TRENDS in biotechnology, vol.20, May 2002 [13] Biotechnology Information Center, National Agricultural Library,Beltsville, Maryland USA, http://www.inform.umd.edu/EdRes/Topic/AgrEnv/Biotech/Bibliographies/ sustain.ag [14] http://www.greenpeace.org.uk [15] Environmental impact of genetically modified crops Ferry. N, Gatehouse A.M.R, Newcastle University, UK [16] http://www.foei.org/en/resources/publications/food-sovereignty/2009/gmcrops2009full.pdf [17] Agricultural biotechnology, poverty reduction and food security , Published and printed by the Asian Development Bank ,P.O. Box 789, 0980 Manila, Philippines [18] Christine McCollum, PhD, Charles Benbrook, PhD, Lori Knowles, llb, bcl, ma, llm, Susan Roberts, jd, ms, rd, ld Application of Modern Biotechnology to Food and Agriculture: Food Systems Perspective

Reviewing the Homepage of Prestons Website :: Prestons Websites Showrooms Essays

Reviewing the Homepage of Preston's Website In the following report I will be reviewing the homepage of Prestons website, www.Prestons.co.uk. Prestons is a showroom situated in Colne, who deals with cars such as BMW and MINI. I will be explaining the content, layout and purpose of this webpage, and any improvements which I think could enhance the current company image. Content The homepage of Prestons website consists of both images and text. The main images drawn to my attention are: a red eye to show RedMammoth who is/ are the producer (s) / designer (s) of this website. Alongside that, is a picture of one of the latest models of BMW, the BMW x5, which is silver. Due to the fact that Prestons also deals with the sales of MINI, there is a picture of a silver MINI. Prestons also deals with Hillendale Land Rover’s; this is shown on their homepage, which is illustrated with a picture of the latest model of Landrover’s which is the Range Rover Vogue. The last of the images on this webpage is a Platinum Privilege card, which represents group information. To show what each image is there is an arrow pointing to each image and besides each arrow in the font Arial, size 9.5; it says what each image is representing in grey text. Beneath each image, there is a contact number for each link which is being represented by each picture except for underneath group information. There is a symbol for a telephone next to each number. The number is in the font Arial size 12. The largest piece of text within this homepage is PrestonsGroup which is again written in Arial but size 16. The font Arial has been used all throughout this homepage. The slogan â€Å"EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO† is written beneath PrestonsGroup in uppercase lettering, size 12. Prestons address is shown in white size 11. The rest of the text within this page is also in white. Beneath the address written in size 12 is the email address of Prestons. There are four different columns for the different purposes of this homepage i.e. a column for BMW, a separate column for MINI etc. No particular colour scheme has been kept throughout this homepage except for the images of the cars which are all silver, and each of the four columns are coloured differently. The RedMammoth column is in red, the BMW column in light blue, the MINI column in grey, the Hillendale landrover column in green and the group information column in dark blue. In each column there is a brief note as to what each one links

The Lack Of Cultural Diversity In Small Towns

People in various parts of the world differ in certain hereditary features, including the color of their skin, the texture of their hair, their facial features, their stature, and the shape of their heads. But by the same token, the features that humans everywhere share are substantially larger and of considerably greater importance than their differences. The disparities between blacks and whites are not virtually as remarkable as between carnivores and humans. But physical distinctions, such as a handicap or race, become strengthened by societal insights, which consequently generate bigger spaces between people (Carbaugh, 1990).Most people belong to a number of groups, some voluntary, some by birth, adoption, or selection into those groups. Salient groups, the ones we consciously value, provide a source of identity. Structurally, these are microcultures or co-cultures within a macroculture. A person might identify an elderly microculture, a cowboy microculture, an Appalachian micro culture, or a volunteer association microculture. Each group exhibits some similarities to the large culture, but also some differences (Locke and Stern, 1942).Within the United States, blacks, Hispanics, Indians, Asian-Americans, and Jews have been the victims of prejudice and discrimination. Throughout much of the nations’ history, they have been confined to subordinate statuses that have not been justified by their individual abilities and talents (Frazier, 1957). The conceptual baggage we often carry with us, such as stereotypes of other racial groups, can easily blind us to the fact that, in many instancesm few significant differences exist between two people.Real cultural differences do not always exist beyond ethnicity and race, In a diverse society, we simply magnify the immediate through stereotypes (Frazier, 1957). The great merit of culture is that it permits human beings to circumvent the slowness of genetic evolution. Behavior patterns that are wired into organis ms by their genes do not allow rapid adaptation to changing conditions. In contrast, cultural change can be rapid. Indeed, some social scientists contend that cultural evolution has swamped biological evoulution as the chief source of behavior change for human beings.The functioning of the human brain is no longer rapidly prescribed by genetic programs (Locke and Stern, 1942). Instead, genes have allowed the construction of a liberated brain, one that permits a flexible repertoire of responses. The more culture human beings have acquired, the more biological capacity for culture has then evolved, leading to more culture, and so on. The fact that culture has increasingly usurped nature as the primary moving force in human development has implications for cultural unity and diversity (Locke and Stern, 1942). Cultural diversity may also be found within a society.In many modern nations, the members of some groups participate in the main culture of the society while simulatenously sharin g with one another a number of unique values, norms, traditions, and lifestyles. These distinctive cultural patterns are termed a subculture. Subcultures abound in American life, and find expression in various religious, racial, ethnic, occupational, and age groups (Locke and Stern, 1942). Generally, when we communicate with members of our own culture, we have internalized the cultural rules that govern the behavior within the context, and we are able to communicate without giving much thought to those rules.But when we are engaged in intercultural encounters, we must be aware of how our culture influences the communication context; otherwise, we may stumble upon a variety of surprises (Castro, 2003). Obviously, there are large global regions and national cultures that are structurally and organically bound together in a social system where people have developed a cultural network. Examples include what might be globally described as North American culture, Latin American culture, A frican culture, Middle Eastern culture, European culture, and Asian culture.These global differences, marked by geopolitical factors and national identity, fit into the study of culture influence on diversity (Harris and Moran, 1979). Perhaps the most distinguishing characteristic of a multicultural society, though, is the form of acculturation used. There are three processes through which disparities between the dominant culture and minority cultures can be treated (Castro, 2003). The first of these, assimilation, is a unilateral process by which minority culture members adopt the norms and values of the dominant group in the society (Harris and Moran, 1979).The second, cultural separatism, is a situation where there is little adaptation on either side. Finally, pluralism is a process by which both minority and majority culture members adopt some norms of the other group. Perhaps, the pluralistic form of acculturation is the defining feature of a multicultural society. It is only t hrough pluralism that members of any society can come to understand and truly value cultural and gender diversity (Harris and Moran, 1979). A shared cultural background makes people feel more comfortable with other people from their own culture.Many people initially may feel confused and uneasy when they deal with people of another culture. The discomfort that people often feel when they have contact with an unfamiliar culture is called culture shock. Culture shock usually passes if a person stays in a new culture long enough to understand it and get used to its ways (Lambert and Taylor, 1990). Immigrants need to cope with the cultural changes brought about by continuous firsthand contact with another culture. One of the chief characteristics of the acculturation process is that elements of the original culture can never be completely erased.An awareness of American culture along with examples of contrasting cultures contributes to the individual’s understanding of her- or hi mself as a cultural being (Chiswick, 1982). The Old Order Amish are a case in point. The Amish are a religious sect that originated in Germany and Switzerland during the reformaiton conflicts of the sixteenth century. Because of religious persecution, many Amish families live on farms, although a minority work in skilled crafts like carpentry, furniture-makingm and blacksmithing.They believe in a literal interpretation of the Bible and turn their backs on modern standards of dress, â€Å"progressive† morality, â€Å"worldly† amusement, automobiles, and higher education. Above all, the Amish value hard physical work and believe that those who do not find joy in work are somehow abnormal. Far from being ashamed of their nonconformity to worldly standards, the Amish pride themselves on being a peculiar people who separate themselves from the world (Castro, 2003).Within the American society, there exist many subcultures, or ways of life that differ from one another in many important respects. Some of these subcultures exist partly because the nation has been settled over the years by people from many different parts of the world, bringing with them their own particular customs and values. Whatever the customs and rules may be, every culture and every subculture molds the settlers accordingly (Harris and Moran, 1979). Learning how to be open and flexible helps facilitate strangers’ adaptation by enabling them to endure stressful challenges and maximize learning.Openness implies the immigrant’s willingness to accept change and exposure to new ideas (Chavez, 2001). Flexibility also means that communicatively competent immigrants develop a repertoire of interpersonal tactics. As sociologist Foster put in an analogy, â€Å"the better international negotiators are ultimately pragmatic. They are not oaks; rather they are more like willows. Unable to predict every situation, every twist and turn, even in domestic situation, they know that it i s nearly impossible to do so in a cross-cultural one† (Locke and Stern, 1942).The immigrant’s efforts at being adaptable will be greatly facilitated if he or she learns how to tolerate a degree of ambiguity while trying to analyze what role to play. The intercultural encounter is full of potential ambiguity. The ability to react to new and ambiguous situations with minimal discomfort has long been thought to be an important asset when adjusting to a new culture. If the immigrant is self-conscious, tense, and anxious when confronted with the unknown, he is apt to use his energy to alleviate his frustration instead of trying to decide how best to adapt to the person and situation (Locke and Stern, 1942).Some non-Hispanics in the United States fear that the country's rapidly growing Hispanic population will not adopt the language, customs, and viewpoint of the dominant, English-speaking culture. Some of these people fear that their way of life will be replaced by the †Å"foreign ways† of Hispanic Americans (Sanchez, 1995). Others worry that a large Spanish-speaking minority will become a permanent underclass, locked out of economic advancement by a lack of fluency in English. Many historians and sociologists discount such fears. They point to the many immigrant groups that have become part of American culture.They also note that except for recent immigrants, most Hispanic Americans can speak English (Hinkle, 1994). No society is so isolated that it does not come in contact with other societies. When contact occurs, societies borrow cultural traits from one another. As a result, cultural traits and patterns tend to spread from the society in which they originated (Chavez, 2001). It seems logical therefore that a change in an attitude, caused by new beliefs or new emotional responses, should a cause a change in behavior. Yet, the sequence of events is often exactly the opposite.In many cases, the change in behavior comes first, and this new be havior creates the change in attitude (Locke and Stern, 1942). New social situations often push the immigrants in the direction of changes in behavior, and these in turn often lead to changes in attitudes. This has been especially noticeable in recent years in the attitudes of whites toward blacks and of blacks toward whites. In general, it has been found that people who have worked with members of the other race hold more favorable attitudes, while those who have had no interracial contacts tend to feel less favorable.Undoubtedly, the explanation is that new forms of behavior have produced attitude changes (Chavez, 2001). At times, the norms, values, and lifestyles of a subculture are substantially at odds with those of the larger society and constitute a counterculture. A counterculture rejects many of the behavioral standrads and guideposts that hold in the dominant culture. The hangloose orientation found among some youth in the early 1970s had a good many countercultural overto nes.The young people questioned the legitimacy of the Establishment, rejected the hard-work ethic of their elders, turned to drugs in a search for new experiences, and dropped out of middle-class life. Controversy surrounding youthful involvement in the hangloose counterculture resurfaced in the late 1980s when Judge Douglas H, Ginsburg was compelled to withdraw as a Supreme Court nominee after it was disclosed that he had used marijuana as a youthl the debate widened when Democratic presidential contenders Senator Albert Gore, Jr. , and Bruce Babbitt admitted that they too had used marijuana in te 1960s. Delinquent gangs, Satanic cults, and the survivalist right are other illustrations of counterculture groups (Hinkle, 1994).People of one culture who move to a country where another culture dominates may give up their old ways and become part of the dominant culture. The process by which they do this is called assimilation. Through assimilation, a minority group eventually disappear s because its members lose the cultural characteristics that set them apart.Assimilation is the process through which one social and cultural group becomes part of another social and cultural group (Locke and Stern, 1942). In a diverse society, dominant groups and minority groups often approach assimilation differently. Within the United States, two views toward assimilation have dominated. One, the melting pot tradition, has seen assimilation as a process whereby peoples and cultures would fuse within the nation to produce a new people and a new civilization.The other, the Americanization tradition, has viewed American culture as an essentially finished product on the Anglo-Saxon pattern, and has insisted that immigrants promptly give up their cultural traits for those of the dominant American group (Hinkle, 1994). To sum it up, recognition of multiculturalism and cultural diversity are key to developing a climate of a healthy relationship and respect among the peoples. While racia l anxieties exist in modern society, the sundry peoples may blend merely with others of common cultural upbringing.Works Cited Carbaugh, Donal. Cultural Communication and Intercultural Contact. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990. Castro, Vanessa Smith. Acculturation and Psychological Adaptation. Greenwood Press, 2003. Chavez, Leo R. Covering Immigration: Popular Images and the Politics of the Nation. University of California Press, 2001. Chiswick, Barry R. The Gateway: U. S. Immigration Issues and Policies. American Enterprise Institute, 1982. Frazier, Franklin. Race and Culture Contacts in the Modern World. Alfred A. Knopf Publishing, 1957.Harris, Philip R.and Moran, Robert T. Managing Cultural Differences. Texas: Gulf Publishing, 1979. Hinkle, Gisela J. The Development of Modern Sociology: Its Nature and Growth in the United States. Random House, 1994. Lambert, Wallace E. and Donald M. Taylor. Coping with Cultural and Racial Diversity in Urban America. Praeger Publishers, 1990. Loc ke, Alain and Bernhard J. Stern. When Peoples Meet: A Study in Race and Culture Contacts. Progressive Education Association, 1942. Saney, Parviz. Crime and Culture in America: A Comparative Perspective. Greenwood Press, 2000.

Essay on the Human Spirit in Frankenstein and Picture of...

Similarities of the Human Spirit innbsp;Frankenstein and The Picture of Dorian Greynbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp; The human spirit is one of the most beautiful forces in the world, but it is also one of the most vulnerable. In the novels Frankenstein by Mary Shelley and The Picture of Dorian Grey by Oscar Wilde, this idea of the human spirit is portrayed clearly. Both novels have similar aspects about the human spirit, but they also have their differences. Both novels have main characters who are influenced greatly by someone that they admire, and they are destroyed by that influence. The difference that these novels have is that in Frankenstein, the main character is influenced and destroyed by something he creates himself, while in†¦show more content†¦Another example from the novel is when the monster starts to become familiar with the little beauties and simplicities of life, but begins to realize that society rejects him because of his revolting appearance. This is due to Victors ignorance of the monsters feelings and knowledge, because Victor never told the monster what he was, a hideous and revolting creature. Victor blames himself for these innocent crimes committed by the monster that he created and silently goes crazy, then dies from becoming very ill. Before his death, Victor asked his friend Walton to kill the monster, because he didnt have the strength. His motivation, the monster, drove him to the brink of insanity and eventually death. In the novel The Picture of Dorian Grey, Dorian, the novels main character, is influenced greatly by his friend and mentor, Lord Henry, and kills himself because he listens to everything that Lord Henry says and believes it. For example, Dorian explains to Lord Henry that he went out to the country and became a changed man, a good man. He had killed Basil and admitted to Lord Henry that he did so.Lord Henry mocks him and doesnt believe him. Lord Henry tells him that a human cannot change no matter what.Dorian refuses to believe him but cant help the fact that Lord Henry might be correct about it.But still, Dorian believes that he is a good man. Later on, Dorian looks at the picture that